Pretérito Perfecto Subjuntivo
Se forma con el Presente Subjuntivo del verbo HABER conjugado en las diferentes personas + Participio Pasado.
Ej.:
Yo haya comido
Tú hayas comido
Él haya comido
Nosotros hayamos comido
Uds/ellos hayan comido
Usamos Perfecto del Subjuntivo con las mismas construcciones con las que usamos Presente Subjuntivo, pero cuando nos referimos a una situación del pasado.
Vamos a ver algunos ejemplos:
- Tim va al aeropuerto a recibir a su familia, no sabe si el avión ya llegó o no, pero espera llegar a tiempo. “Espero que el avión todavía no haya llegado” (I hope that the airplane hasn’t arrived yet)
- Juan estuvo fuera de la ciudad cuando su amigo Pablo se casó. Luego de la boda, le escribe un e-mail. “Ojala haya salido todo bien, espero que no hayas bebido demasiado y hayas disfrutado la fiesta. No creo que haya sido lo mismo sin mí. Es importante que los chicos del grupo te hayan dicho que yo compré el regalo con ellos…..”
- La profesora está esperando a John para comenzar la clase de español, entonces pregunta a sus alumnos donde puede estar John, ellos responden: “Quizás se haya quedado dormido”/ “es posible que haya salido anoche y se haya acostado tarde”/ “ayer le dolían un poco los huesos, probablemente se haya engripado”
please explain the difference between haya comida and he comida. I know that he comido means I had eaten…Linda
Subjuntivo… siempre tan divertido!
Es importante que los chicos del grupo te hayan dicho que yo compré el regalo con ellos…..” = it’s important that the the guys told you that I contributed to the gift as well (?)
)
and
Quizás se haya quedado dormido = maybe he is still sleeping (?) .. why is dormido in past perfect? are they saying literally: “maybe he has remained asleep”. I would probably have used ‘dormiendo’ which is wrong but sounds right. I wouldn’t have thought to use dormido. Do you have other examples of this construction?
Great information as usual
Hi Mariposa,
Your translation of the first sentence is correct.
“Quizás se haya quedado dormido” is like you said “maybe he is still sleeping” but it can be used in manys ways. You can use it to say somebody slept through their alarm or if you were watching tv on the couch and you feel asleep. For example “estaba en el sofá y me quedé dormido/a.”
In response to your question about “dormido”, “dormido” is a state that one is in. For example “awake/despierto, standing/parado, sitting/sentado.”
Anna
Hi Linda, “he comida” doesn’t exist, “he comido” is “I have eaten”.
“Haya comida”is Subjuntive, for example, “Espero que en la fiesta haya comida”: “I hope there is food at the party.”
“Haya comido” is subjuntivo perfecto. For example “Espero que el cliente haya comido bien anoche.” Which means “I hope the cliente ate well last night.”
Saludos!
Anna
Thank you, but I still have trouble,,haya also means had good food last night,,right,,,I am self taught, so pardon my confusion…
Hi Linda: In that case the meaning would be “haya habido comida anoche”, you need HAYA + Part. Pasado, because you are speaking about a situation in the past,
if you are using Subjuntivo, for example with a wish: “Espero que ….haya habido buena comida anoche”, if not, you only shoul say “hubo buena comida anoche”.
Cheers,
Anna
>>luego de la boda<<
I've only heard "despues de." Is "luego de" very common?
Hi Becki! yes, * después de la boda* or *luego de la boda*. This last one is very common (after the wedding)
Hi, thanks for these great mini lessons.
It has always been my understanding of the subjunctive that it expresses the idea of, por ejemplo: “I hope the client might (or may) have eaten well” as the subjunctive is about a situation that may or may not have occurred.
Hi John.
If you say using subjunctive present: “Espero que el cliente pueda comer bien”, it is a wish for the future, but if you use Perfect subjunctive: “Espero que el cliente haya comido bien”, the client has already eaten, but you don’t know if he has eaten well or not.
cheers,
Anna